Find rows in the first result but not the second.
Postgres: EXCEPT calculates a distinct result-set difference.
CREATE TABLE sales (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, team VARCHAR(10), amount INTEGER, units INTEGER);
INSERT INTO sales VALUES (1,'A',10,2),(2,'A',20,1),(3,'B',30,3),(4,'B',40,2);
SELECT amount FROM sales EXCEPT SELECT amount FROM sales WHERE team='A' ORDER BY amount;Expected output EXAMPLE
30 40
Details
Requires PostgreSQL 18. Run in an empty scratch schema using psql or a SQL client. Result rows below use | between columns, without headers; client display formatting may differ. EXCEPT calculates a distinct result-set difference. The CREATE and INSERT statements provide all input data. Run the complete example in a fresh scratch database or schema.
Tested on Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS · · PostgreSQL 18.6 (Debian 18.6-1.pgdg13+2) · bash 5.2.21-2ubuntu4; coreutils 9.4-3ubuntu6.3; psycopg 3.2.10; pymssql 2.3.8
Test inputs, results and environment
The exact published code ran in a dedicated Linux test container with prepared inputs. Snippet process uid 65534 with a read-only root filesystem and temporary working files. Database services use a private internal Docker network without published ports. Fresh scratch schema/database for each case; test database administrator credentials are confined to these disposable services. Fixtures and output records are isolated from the application database. Testing covers this example and its stated checks, not every input, operating system, or runtime version. The Linux container shares its host's kernel; this is not a native Windows test.
- Architecture / host kernel
- x86_64 / 6.18.54.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
- Snippet identity / locale
- uid=65534, gid=65534 (unprivileged process) / C.UTF-8
- Interpreter invocation
Execute the exact SQL in a fresh database/schema; serialize result rows with | separators- Container image ID
sha256:ec91410a8f6ec3e985830b5e3a0560306d36f8c1c5ccd91a6699abe707123fa3- Code SHA-256
c8122dbc0423963aa0426233e659dc4d82ae8a16aeb9044aa16b67601e11e5bc- Dependencies
- bash 5.2.21-2ubuntu4; coreutils 9.4-3ubuntu6.3; psycopg 3.2.10; pymssql 2.3.8
Test input setup
These are the prepared inputs used by the test harness. See Details above for the prerequisites and how to run this example.
# No input files required.
Observed standard output
30 40
Exit code: 0. Standard error: empty. Validation: Exact stdout comparison. System-dependent values above are one recorded run.