Enable and use foreign keys.
Turn on relationship enforcement for the connection.
PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
CREATE TABLE parents (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE children (parent_id INTEGER REFERENCES parents(id));
INSERT INTO parents VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO children VALUES (1);
SELECT parent_id FROM children;Expected output EXAMPLE
1
Details
Requires SQLite 3.40 or later. Run with sqlite3 demo.db in a scratch directory. Result rows below use | between columns, without headers; client display formatting may differ. Enable foreign_keys outside a transaction on each connection. The test also checks that an invalid child row is rejected. The verifier uses a fresh SQLite file for each example.
Tested on Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS · · SQLite 3.45.1 · sqlite3 3.45.1-1ubuntu2.8
Test inputs, results and environment
The exact published code ran in a dedicated Linux test container with prepared inputs. Snippet process uid 65534 with a read-only root filesystem and temporary working files. Networking disabled. Fixtures and output records are isolated from the application database. Testing covers this example and its stated checks, not every input, operating system, or runtime version. The Linux container shares its host's kernel; this is not a native Windows test.
- Architecture / host kernel
- x86_64 / 6.18.54.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
- Snippet identity / locale
- uid=65534, gid=65534 (unprivileged process) / C.UTF-8
- Interpreter invocation
Execute the exact SQL in a fresh database/schema; serialize result rows with | separators- Container image ID
sha256:ec91410a8f6ec3e985830b5e3a0560306d36f8c1c5ccd91a6699abe707123fa3- Code SHA-256
32474f759cfd0eb7892c4792cef5257f09ab64034b853b8b3ad1c0ae55be356b- Dependencies
- sqlite3 3.45.1-1ubuntu2.8
Test input setup
These are the prepared inputs used by the test harness. See Details above for the prerequisites and how to run this example.
# No input files required.
Observed standard output
1
Exit code: 0. Standard error: empty. Validation: Exact stdout comparison. System-dependent values above are one recorded run.
Additional assertions that passed
Checks recorded by the test harness. Where Python assertions are shown, browser cases use Playwright and simulator cases may inspect pin transitions: result.stdout is captured output, work is the temporary directory, and Path is pathlib.Path. The harness also imports json and csv.
Invalid fixture insert rejected by the database: foreign_key_rejected